दाखिल-खारिज (म्यूटेशन) और अपील की प्रक्रिया
At a glance
- Law
- Bihar Land Mutation Act, 2011
- Who
- Buyer, donee, co-sharer, legal heir or legatee
- Where
- Circle Officer (Anchal Adhikari) via Bihar Bhumi
- Time
- 1–2 months undisputed · 3–9 months contested
What it is
Mutation is the entry of the new holder's name in the revenue record (jamabandi, Register II) after land passes by sale, gift, partition, inheritance, will or court decree. In Bihar it is governed by the Bihar Land Mutation Act, 2011. Mutation lets the new holder pay rent (lagan), obtain a rent receipt and Land Possession Certificate, and deal with banks and government schemes.
Who can apply
- Any person who has acquired an interest in land: a buyer, donee, co-sharer after partition, legal heir, or legatee under a will.
Step-by-step process
- 1
Application
An online application is filed on the Bihar Bhumi portal (or at the Circle Office) before the Circle Officer (Anchal Adhikari). The law requires it within 90 days of acquiring the interest; a delayed application must be accompanied by an application for condonation of delay. For registered deeds, the case may already have been opened by the system using data sent from the registry office; the applicant should check this.
- 2
Field verification
The Revenue Karmachari and the Revenue Officer or Circle Inspector verify the papers and possession, and submit a report.
- 3
Public notice and objections
Notice is issued to the persons recorded in the jamabandi and others interested, and objections are invited.
- 4
Hearing and order
The Circle Officer hears any objector and passes an order allowing or rejecting mutation.
- 5
Correction of jamabandi
On allowance, a new jamabandi is opened in the applicant's name, or the existing one is corrected. The applicant can then pay rent online.
- 6
Appeal
An appeal against the Circle Officer's order lies to the Deputy Collector Land Reforms (DCLR) within 30 days of the order.
- 7
Revision
A further revision lies to the Collector / Additional Collector.
Documents required
Checklist · 6 items- Registered deed (sale, gift, partition) or court decree, as the case may be
- For inheritance: death certificate, family register (vanshavali), and affidavits of the other heirs
- For a will: the will, with probate where obtained
- Latest rent receipt and jamabandi copy of the previous holder
- Khata, khesra and area details
- Identity proof and mobile number of the applicant
Time usually taken
1 to 2 months for an undisputed case
The rules fix time limits for the Circle Officer, but in practice an undisputed case ordinarily takes one to two months. A case with objections, or an appeal before the DCLR, takes longer: ordinarily three to nine months.
Points to remember
- 01Mutation is a fiscal entry for collecting land revenue. It neither creates nor extinguishes title, which is decided by the civil court (Suraj Bhan v. Financial Commissioner (2007) 6 SCC 186).
- 02Errors in a digitised jamabandi (name, khata, khesra, area) are corrected through the Parimarjan application on the Bihar Bhumi portal, not by a fresh mutation.
- 03Keep the case number of the online application, as all tracking and appeals depend on it.
Frequently asked questions
Within how many days should dakhil-kharij be applied for in Bihar?
Within 90 days of acquiring the interest. A delayed application must be accompanied by an application for condonation of delay.
Where does an appeal against a mutation order lie?
To the Deputy Collector Land Reforms (DCLR) within 30 days of the Circle Officer's order. A further revision lies to the Collector / Additional Collector.
Does mutation decide who owns the land?
No. Mutation is a fiscal entry for collecting land revenue. It neither creates nor extinguishes title, which is decided by the civil court (Suraj Bhan v. Financial Commissioner (2007)).
How is a wrong name or area in the online jamabandi corrected?
Through the Parimarjan application on the Bihar Bhumi portal, not by a fresh mutation.
About the author
Advocate Vivekanand
Founder & Principal Advocate, Vivekanand Law Firm · MA (English), MBA, LL.B., Author. Full profile
Disclaimer. This publication is for general legal information and education only. It is not legal advice on any particular matter and does not create an advocate-client relationship. Procedures, fees and time limits change from time to time and may differ from office to office; verify the current position before acting.
यह प्रकाशन केवल सामान्य कानूनी जानकारी और शिक्षण के लिए है; यह किसी विशेष मामले में कानूनी सलाह नहीं है, और इससे अधिवक्ता-मुवक्किल संबंध नहीं बनता।
— Adv. Vivekanand, Motihari
Related practice
Civil and Property Litigation