What an FIR is
A First Information Report (FIR) is the record of information about a cognizable offence given to the police. For matters on or after 1 July 2024, this is governed by Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which replaced Section 154 of the CrPC.
An FIR starts the investigation. It is not a finding of guilt, and the allegations in it must be proved before a court.
Step 1: Obtain a copy of the FIR
The informant is entitled to a free copy. Persons named in an FIR can usually obtain a copy through the police station, the court, or — for most FIRs — the state police's online services, following the Supreme Court's directions in Youth Bar Association of India v. Union of India (2016).
- Note the FIR number, police station, date and sections mentioned
- Check whether the matter was registered under the BNS or the older IPC
Step 2: Understand the allegations and sections
Whether an offence is bailable or non-bailable, and cognizable or non-cognizable, affects what happens next. An advocate can explain what the sections mean in your case.
Step 3: Respond to police notices lawfully
Police may issue a notice of appearance under Section 35 BNSS. Ignoring a notice can have consequences. Take legal advice and comply with lawful requirements.
Step 4: Consider bail options with your advocate
If arrest is apprehended in a non-bailable offence, anticipatory bail may be sought under Section 482 BNSS before the Court of Session or the High Court. If a person has already been arrested, regular bail may be sought. Every bail decision is made by the court on the facts and the law.
What you should not do
- Do not contact the complainant or witnesses to pressure or persuade them
- Do not destroy, alter or hide documents, phones or other material
- Do not post about the case on social media
- Do not rely on anyone who promises a guaranteed result
Documents to keep ready
- Copy of the FIR
- Any notice or summons received
- Documents relevant to the dispute
- Identity documents — but share sensitive numbers only when legally required
About the author
Advocate Vivekanand
Founder & Principal Advocate, Vivekanand Law Firm · MA (English), MBA, LL.B., Author. Full profile
This article is general legal information, not legal advice. It does not create an advocate–client relationship. Legal provisions referred to should be verified for your specific situation and the date of the events concerned.